Background and Purpose: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is the one of the most common clinical disorders in children and adolescents affected by various factors. The aim of this study was to determine the Relationship between Gender Difference and the History of Psychiatric Disorders in the Family with Oppositional defiant disorder among Primary School Students in Sanandaj in 2014.
Method: In this cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of primary school students living in the sanandaj city in 2014. The sample size of this study were 377 students who selected by stratified random sampling method. Instruments of this study were Child Symptom Inventory questionnaire whose validity and reliability were proven. Data was analyzed by SPSS-18. Independent-samples t-test was used to analyze the differences. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among 377 students, 62.6% (236 students) were male and 37.4% (141 students) were female. Results showed that 11.1% of samples had a history of psychiatric disorders in their parents. The mean score defiant disorder among boys and girls statistically significant difference was also statistically significant mean defiant disorder with a history of parental separation (p≤0.002).
Conclusion: Factors such as sexual and Psychiatric Disorders in the Family have an impact on the prevalence of ODD, so parenting tutorials about this disorder can be useful by relevant institutions 

Keywords: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), Primary students, Sanandaj.

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