Somayeh Nowroozi, Mohammad Ali Nazari, Ali Jahan, Khalil Ismail Pour,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2014)
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of gender differences in time perception in time perception in relation with number processing.
Methods: fifty-six volunteer undergraduate female and male students of the University of Tabriz participated in the study. Numbers 1،2،8،9 were projected to all subjects in two duration of short time (300،400،500 millisecond) and long time (1000،1100،1200 ms) via a computerized time reproduction task. Subjects were asked to reproduce duration time of number. Three-factor ANOVA with repeated measures was used to analyze data. Results: Results revealed that the duration of short duration was overestimated, whereas the long durations were underestimated. Numbers affected time perception. The accuracy of time perception depended on the length of the duration and number. Reproduction of short duration was more inaccurate than long duration. In short duration, women had significantly accurate estimation in compare with men. Vice versa, men have exact estimate in long time in compare with women. But the differences between men and women were not salient like short duration. Conclusion: These findings indicate an interaction effect of gender and number processing on time perception. Results confirm existing evidence for gender differences in cognitive processing. In refers difference in time perception in relation with numbers in males and females.
Vida Poudratchi Asl, Mohammad Ali Nazari,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: Functions such as organizing, decision making, working memory, motor control, perception of time, prediction of future, internal language, problem solving are entitle as the most important executive functions. In daily life time reproduction deficits may result in situations that require a timing component, such as waiting, planning, and organizing reflected by impulsive behavior. Purpose: Previous research indicated that cognitive enhancement might improve executive functions. So, through two experiments we investigated the effectiveness of time perception training. Method: In experiment 1, intervention was performed on eight normal children. Time reproduction task was used for assessing the changes in participants’ time processing precision, and a computer-based game for time perception training as the intervention purpose. Participants performed the time reproduction task in the following phases (a) pre-intervention phase (baseline), (b) during the intervention sessions, (c) in the post-intervention sessions and (d) in the one-month follow up sessions. In experiment 2, the same task and the same game were utilized, but data gathered from two groups in an experiment using an independent groups design: 1-experimental group (7 girls and 7 boys, mean age=6.6), 2- control group (7 girls and 7 boys, mean age=6.4). Participants were tested twice as pre-test and post-test. Results: Experiment 1 revealed that although some improvements in time performance was observed in some subjects, the effectiveness of game was unclear. Findings of experimental 2 indicated that the game had a significant effect on short (but not long) interval time perception. Conclusion: Based on results of two experiments it can concluded that time perception training (via game) might enhance temporal processing precision, especially short interval times. However, more research is needed for conclusion.
